Philosophy

The Great Conversation

Plato

Aristotle

Lucretius

• On the Nature of Things (translated by H.A.J. Munro)

Epictetus

• The Discourses (translated by George Long)

Marcus Aurelius

• The Meditations (translated by George Long)

Plotinus

• The Six Enneads (translated by Stephen MacKenna and B. S. Page)

Augustine of Hippo

• The Confessions
• The City of God
• On Christian Doctrine

Niccolò Machiavelli

• The Prince

Thomas Hobbes

• Leviathan

Sir Francis Bacon

• The Advancement of Learning
• Novum Organum
• New Atlantis

René Descartes

• Rules for the Direction of the Mind
• Discourse on the Method
• Meditations on First Philosophy
• Objections Against the Meditations and Replies
• The Geometry

Benedict de Spinoza

• Ethics

John Locke

• A Letter Concerning Toleration
• Concerning Civil Government, Second Essay
• An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

George Berkeley

• The Principles of Human Knowledge

David Hume

• An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

Immanuel Kant

• Critique of Pure Reason
• Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals
• Critique of Practical Reason
• Excerpts from The Metaphysics of Morals
  • Preface and Introduction to the Metaphysical Elements of Ethics with a note on Conscience
  • General Introduction to the Metaphysic of Morals
  • The Science of Right
• The Critique of Judgement

Søren Kierkegaard

• Fear and Trembling

Friedrich Nietzsche

• Beyond Good and Evil

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

• The Philosophy of Right
• The Philosophy of History

Karl Marx

• Capital

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

• Manifesto of the Communist Party

Henri Bergson

• “An Introduction to Metaphysics“

Bertrand Russell

• The Problems of Philosophy

Martin Heidegger

• What Is Metaphysics?

Ludwig Wittgenstein

• Philosophical Investigations

Karl Barth

• The Word of God and the Word of Man